Two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure and method for controlling cavity mode thereof

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides a two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure and a method for controlling a cavity mode thereof. The two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure includes: a superconducting qubit chip comprising a plurality of two-dimensionally distributed and scalable qubits; a capacitor part of each of the qubits has at least five arms distributed two-dimensionally, two of the at least five arms in each qubit are respectively connected with a read coupling circuit and a control circuit, and the other at least three arms are coupled with adjacent qubits through a coupling cavity.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Section 371 National Stage Application ofInternational Application No. PCT/CN2020/099765, filed on Jul. 1, 2020,entitled “TWO-DIMENSIONAL SCALABLE SUPERCONDUCTING QUBIT STRUCTURE ANDMETHOD FOR CONTROLLING CAVITY MODE THEREOF”, which is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety which claims priority to ChineseApplication No. 201911210369.4, filed on Nov. 29, 2019, incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure belongs to a field of quantum computingtechnical, and relates to a two-dimensional scalable superconductingqubit structure and a method for controlling a cavity mode thereof.

BACKGROUND

Superconducting quantum computing utilizes a superposition, anentanglement and other properties of a quantum state of asuperconducting qubit to achieve quantum computing. The superconductingqubit may be fabricated on a chip using a micro-nano processingtechnology, which has a superior performance such as integration andscalability. Superconducting quantum computing has developed rapidly inrecent years. However, for a one-dimensional chain qubit structure, eachbit is only coupled with two adjacent qubits on the left and right, andthe structure has a certain limitation.

Implementation of many quantum simulation algorithms, such as atwo-dimensional Ising model, a lattice simulation, and a phasetransition simulation, requires a two-dimensional qubit structure. Inaddition, implementation of general quantum computing requires a quantumerror correction. There is now a promising error correction code scheme,such as a surface code, which also requires a two-dimensionallydistributed qubit structure, and the two-dimensional qubit structurealso has a better scalability.

With an increase of the number of qubits, the following problems need tobe solved: 1. an increase in a wiring density and line length will bringa crosstalk between different bits and a signal attenuation; 2. in atwo-dimensional structure, control and read circuits of an intermediatebit are difficult to extend to an edge of the chip for a wire bonding,and a control signal and reading must be input and output from a centerof the chip; 3. with an increase of the chip, a volume of a sample boxalso increases, and the sample box acts as a resonant cavity to generatea resonant mode that may be coupled to the quantum chip, therebyaffecting performances of the chip; 4. with an increase of the chip, ifa traditional method of grounding around the chip is used, the center ofthe chip is poorly grounded, which may produce some stray resonancemodes and affect performances of the qubits.

SUMMARY

In view of this, the present disclosure provides a two-dimensionalscalable superconducting qubit structure and a method for controlling acavity mode thereof, so as to at least partially solve theabove-mentioned technical problems.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided atwo-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure, including: asuperconducting qubit chip including a plurality of two-dimensionallydistributed and scalable qubits, wherein a capacitor part of each of thequbits has at least five arms distributed two-dimensionally, two of theat least five arms in each qubit are respectively connected with a readcoupling circuit and a control circuit, and the other at least threearms are coupled with adjacent qubits through a coupling cavity.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the qubit has a separate XYcontrol circuit and a Z control circuit, or the qubit has only a XYcontrol circuit.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least two qubits share aread coupling circuit.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality oftwo-dimensionally distributed qubits form a qubit array.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, an included angle betweentwo adjacent arms of six arms in the qubit is greater than 0° and lessthan or equal to 180°.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, some of the plurality oftwo-dimensionally distributed qubits have the same number of arms, andsome of the plurality of two-dimensionally distributed qubits haveunequal numbers of arms; for the qubits having the same number of arms,the arms in each qubit are distributed in a partially same form, acompletely same form or a completely different form.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the qubit array includes oneor more of distribution forms of a honeycomb distribution, a grid-likedistribution, a snowflake distribution or a tree-like distribution.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provideda method for controlling a cavity mode of a two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure, including forming a three-dimensionallead structure at a position of a non-qubit circuit in thesuperconducting qubit chip by using flip-chip bonding andthrough-silicon via processes, so as to perform a signal extraction.

According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a method for controlling a cavity mode of a two-dimensionalscalable superconducting qubit structure, including manufacturing aplurality of holes at a position of a non-qubit circuit in thesuperconducting qubit chip, wherein a control circuit and a readcoupling circuit of the qubit are wire-bonded to a package box or acircuit board through several holes of the plurality of holes.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, control circuits between twoadjacent qubits are extracted from different holes for bonding.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of holes aredistributed in an array.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a distribution form of six armsdistributed two-dimensionally of a capacitor part of a qubit accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 show schematic diagrams of array distribution formsformed by different numbers of connection arms between qubits in atwo-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 shows an exemplary arraydistribution form in which capacitive coupling arms of each qubitconnected between the plurality of qubits are 4 arms; FIG. 4 shows anexemplary array distribution form in which capacitive coupling armsconnected of each qubit between the plurality of qubits are 3 arms; andFIG. 5 shows an exemplary array distribution form in which capacitivecoupling arms of each qubit connected between the plurality of qubitsare 6 arms.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram in which every 4 qubits in a qubitarray share a read coupling circuit according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a method for controlling a cavitymode of a two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structureaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Description of symbols 1-qubit; 11-first arm; 12-second arm; 13-thirdarm; 14-fourth arm; 15-fifth arm; 16-sixth arm; 2-read coupling circuit;3-control circuit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages ofthe present disclosure clearer, the present disclosure will be furtherdescribed in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and thedrawings.

A First Embodiment

In a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there isprovided a two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubitstructure according to the present disclosure includes: asuperconducting qubit chip containing a plurality of two-dimensionallydistributed and scalable qubits. A capacitor part of each of the qubitshas at least five arms distributed two-dimensionally, two of the atleast five arms in each qubit are respectively connected with a readcoupling circuit and a control circuit, and the other at least threearms are coupled with adjacent qubits through a coupling cavity.

Referring to FIG. 1 , in the embodiment, taking that a capacitor part ofa qubit 1 has six arms as an example, corresponding six arms arerespectively a first arm 11, a second arm 12, a third arm 13, a fourtharm 14, a fifth arm 15 and a sixth arm 16. Two of the six arms arerespectively connected with the read coupling circuit and the controlcircuit. For example, taking that the fifth arm 15 is connected with aread coupling circuit 2 and the sixth arm 16 is connected to a controlcircuit 3 as an example, the other four arms are coupled with adjacentqubits through a coupling cavity, which corresponds to an expanded formof six lines {circle around (1)} to {circle around (6)} that is formedin two dimensional directions with the qubit 1 as the center in FIG. 1 .Four lines such as the four lines {circle around (1)} to {circle around(4)} in the embodiment are coupled with adjacent qubits in fourdirections.

Certainly, it should be noted that in the present disclosure, the numberof arms in each qubit is at least 5, that is, at least 3 arms arecoupled with other adjacent qubits. Except for the example of 6 armsintroduced above, the number of arms of each qubit may be 7, 8 or evenmore. The specific connection form may be designed according to actualneeds. A length of each arm and a distribution of included anglesbetween arms may be arranged after simulation or calculation.

Among the above-mentioned arms, the following description will bedescribed with a capacitive expansion arm or an arm of the capacitorpart, and the two have the same meaning.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the qubit has a separate XYcontrol circuit and a Z control circuit, or the qubit has only a XYcontrol circuit. That is, for a capacitive expansion arm of the qubitfor connecting the control circuit, the XY control circuit and the Zcontrol circuit may be connected separately, or only the XY controlcircuit may be connected.

The distribution form of the capacitive expansion arm in the qubit willbe introduced with specific examples.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a distribution form of six armsdistributed two-dimensionally of a capacitor part of a qubit accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The distribution form of the at least five arms that the capacitor partof the qubit of the present disclosure may be various two-dimensionaldistributions. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, an includedangle between two adjacent arms of six arms in the qubit is greater than0° and less than or equal to 180°.

Some cases of two-dimensional distribution are, for example, anaxisymmetric graphic or a center-symmetric graphic, or other asymmetricgraphics, as long as included angles of the six arms are distributed andcovered to a range of 360°. For example, in an embodiment, referring to(a) and (b) in FIG. 2 , when the capacitor part of the qubit includessix arms, four of the six arms are perpendicular to each other in a“cross” shape, and one of the other two arms are distributed between anytwo adjacent arms among the four arms and the other one is distributedbetween the other three groups of two adjacent arms. Specifically, whichtwo arms are connected with the read coupling circuit and the controlcircuit, and which four arms are coupled with adjacent qubits may beselected according to actual connection expansion conditions.Alternatively, in another embodiment, referring to (c) in FIG. 2 , twoopposite arms of the six arms are located on the same straight line, andthere is an included angle between two adjacent arms. Described from anincluded angle at the upper left, a distribution of 30°, 120°, 30°, 30°,120° and 30° may be formed clockwise. Alternatively, a position of oneor several arms may be changed to change the angle distribution betweenadjacent arms with the distribution form of (c) in FIG. 2 as areference, for example, six included angles are 60°, and then sixcapacitive expansion arms are evenly distributed on the two-dimensionalplane. Certainly, the above-mentioned embodiment is only an example, anda deformation of the included angle may also be performed on the basisof the above-mentioned embodiment. For example, an included anglebetween two arms of the six arms is changed, and an included anglebetween two arms at the other opposite angle is adaptively changed whilemaintaining an axis symmetry; or the distribution of the capacitiveexpansion arms of the qubit may not be a symmetrical pattern after thechange, such as the distribution form of the qubit illustrated in FIG. 4.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, some of the plurality oftwo-dimensionally distributed qubits have the same number of arms, andsome of the plurality of two-dimensionally distributed qubits haveunequal numbers of arms; for the qubits having the same number of arms,the arms in each qubit are distributed in a partially same form, acompletely same form or a completely different form.

Among the plurality of two-dimensionally distributed qubits, each qubitcontinuously expands to the outside by coupling with adjacent qubits.The “at least five arms” described in the present disclosure refers to abasic unit form in which each qubit may continuously expand. A qubitarray form to be introduced below is described as having an array edge.In fact, qubits in a central region may be expanded infinitely, and thenmatched at an edge according to connection needs. In a formed expandedstructure, qubits located in a middle region are all complete standardstructures, that is, the situation that “a capacitor part of each of thequbits has at least five arms distributed two-dimensionally” describedin the present disclosure. The qubit with a scalable capability has allthe arms, and an edge part belongs to situation of partially same that“loses” half of a capacitive coupling arm. Qubits in the edge part arenot limited here, and the qubits in the edge part may be adaptivelyadded according to expansion needs of the middle region. As long as adistribution form and a expansion form of capacitive expansion arms ofthe qubits in the middle region are determined, a form of capacitiveexpansion arms of the qubits in the edge may also be determinedaccordingly. The “capacitive coupling arm” is an arm coupled withadjacent qubits in the capacitive expansion arm, excluding thecapacitive expansion arm connected with the read coupling circuit andthe control circuit.

FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 show schematic diagrams of array distribution formsformed by different numbers of connection arms between qubits in atwo-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 shows an exemplary arraydistribution form in which capacitive coupling arms of each qubitconnected between the plurality of qubits are 4 arms; FIG. 4 shows anexemplary array distribution form in which capacitive coupling armsconnected of each qubit between the plurality of qubits are 3 arms; andFIG. 5 shows an exemplary array distribution form in which capacitivecoupling arms of each qubit connected between the plurality of qubitsare 6 arms.

The plurality of two-dimensionally distributed qubits form a qubitarray, and the qubit array includes one or more of followingdistribution forms: a honeycomb distribution, a grid-like distribution,a snowflake distribution or a tree-like distribution.

As mentioned above, for the qubits having the same number of arms, thearms in each qubit are distributed in a partially same form, acompletely same form or a completely different form. For the case wherethe distribution forms of qubits are completely the same, please referto the middle region shown in FIG. 3 , and for the case where thedistribution forms of qubits are partially the same, please refer to themiddle region shown in FIG. 4 . Expansion methods corresponding to thetwo cases are relatively simple, and may be replicated and expanded witha certain basic unit. For the case where the qubits in the same arrayare completely different, the qubits may be connected and expanded withreference to three different qubit forms in FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 ,and the expansion method may be a mesh expansion or a dendriticexpansion, etc. Included angles between arms of the qubits in eachexample may be changed to obtain completely different forms, which willnot be illustrated here. In the qubit array described below withreference to FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 , taking a distribution of the qubits inthe middle region an example, the qubits in the marginal/edge part areused as an example in order to make the array have a visual boundary. Infact, the array may be expanded infinitely by removing the edge part inthe drawings, or the edge part may be added under a required size orexpansion specification.

Referring to FIG. 3 , in an embodiment, the qubit has 6 capacitiveexpansion arms, 4 of which serve as capacitive coupling arms, which arecoupled with adjacent qubits through a resonant cavity, and theplurality of qubits form a grid-like distribution after atwo-dimensional expansion.

Referring to FIG. 4 , in an embodiment, the qubit has 5 capacitiveexpansion arms, 3 of which serve as capacitively coupling arms, whichare coupled with adjacent qubits through a resonant cavity, and theplurality of qubits form a honeycomb distribution after atwo-dimensional expansion.

It should be noted that the forms of the above-mentioned examples inFIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are performed by a regular expansion, and the numberof capacitive coupling arms coupled with other adjacent qubits in eachqubit is equal in an array, for example, each qubit is connected withother qubits through 3 (as shown in FIG. 4 ) or 4 (as shown in FIG. 3 )capacitive expansion arms. In other embodiments, in the same qubitarray, there may be some qubits coupled with other qubits with a firstnumber of capacitive coupling arms, and some qubits coupled with otherqubits with a second number of capacitive coupling arms, and the firstnumber is not equal to the second number.

Referring to FIG. 5 , in an embodiment, the qubit has 8 capacitiveexpansion arms, 6 of which serve as capacitive coupling arms, which arecoupled with adjacent qubits through a resonant cavity, and theplurality of qubits form a snowflake distribution after atwo-dimensional expansion. Certainly, in the cases illustrated in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 , by changing the included angle distribution of eacharm, a tree-like distribution or other scalable array distribution formsmay be formed, as long as arrays obtained by the expansion method inwhich each qubit mentioned in the present disclosure is connected withadjacent qubits through the other at least three arms are all within thescope of protection of the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, each qubit is connected with a read couplingcircuit. Certainly, adjacent qubits may share the read coupling circuit,so that the total number of read circuits may be reduced so as tosimplify wiring. For example, in an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, at least two qubits share a read coupling circuit. Forexample, in an example, at least two qubits adjacent to each other onthe left and right or up and down share a read coupling circuit. Anexample situation in which at least two qubits share a read couplingcircuit will be described below with reference to FIG. 6 .

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram illustrating that every 4 qubits in aqubit array share a read coupling circuit according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 6 , theplurality of two-dimensionally distributed qubits form a qubit array. Inthe qubit array of the embodiment, the plurality of qubits form agrid-like distribution, and every 4 qubits share a read couplingcircuit. The form of a two-dimensionally distributed qubit array may be,but not limited to, a tree topology or a mesh topology.

In summary, the embodiment provides a two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure. Among at least five arms provided basedon a capacitor part of the qubit, one of two arms is connected with theread coupling circuit and the other is connected with the controlcircuit, and the other at least three arms are coupled with adjacentqubits in four directions respectively through the coupling cavity. Thatis, one of the other arms is connected with an adjacent qubit. Aconnection between each qubit and adjacent qubits and a signal readingand control of each qubit may be achieved by the above-mentionedexpansion method, thereby achieving a connection between two adjacentqubits. A distribution form of the above-mentioned six arms and aconnection method of the qubits may achieve a two-dimensional expansionwith each qubit as a center. In addition, at least three arms areconnected with adjacent qubits. The distribution of three arms may coverthe two-dimensional plane, so that at least five arms are expanded anddistributed on the two-dimensional plane. In this way, the structurefacilitates a two-dimensional expansion, and is suitable for aconnection between an existing flip-chip process or through-silicon viatechnology (TSV) and a signal fan-out board. Certainly, theabove-mentioned two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structuremay input and extract a signal from the middle of the quantum chip bymeans of cutting hole array, flip-chip bonding, TSV, etc., therebyeffectively reducing a crosstalk between adjacent qubit signals. Theform of the cutting hole array will be described in detail below in asecond embodiment.

A Second Embodiment

In a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there isprovided a method for controlling a cavity mode of a two-dimensionalscalable superconducting qubit structure.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method for controlling a cavitymode of a two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure. Athree-dimensional lead structure is formed at a position of a non-qubitcircuit in the superconducting qubit chip by using flip-chip bonding andthrough-silicon via processes, so as to perform a signal extraction.Each through-silicon via corresponds to a lead, and the read couplingcircuit and the control circuit may be laid out by setting adistribution and a distance of each through-silicon via, therebyreducing signal crosstalk effects between read circuits, between controlcircuits, and between read and control circuits.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a method for controlling a cavitymode of a two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structureaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 7 , in another embodiment, the method for controllinga cavity mode of a two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubitstructure includes: making a plurality of holes at a position of anon-qubit circuit in the superconducting qubit chip, wherein a controlcircuit and a read coupling circuit of the qubits are wire-bonded to apackage box or a circuit board through several holes of the plurality ofholes.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, control circuits between twoadjacent qubits are extracted from different holes for bonding.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the holes are manufacturedby laser cutting; certainly, the holes may be manufactured in otherforms.

In an embodiment, the plurality of holes are distributed in an array.

In the embodiment, for example, in the two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure shown in FIG. 6 , the plurality oftwo-dimensionally distributed qubits form a qubit array, and every 4qubits share a read coupling circuit. Here, a network unit is formedwith 4 qubits, and the network unit is expanded to form a grid-likedistribution form as an illustration. In the two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure, in a region defined by 4 qubits, thereare a plurality of holes in a non-circuit region, and the 4 qubitssharing a read coupling circuit are interconnected, and the shared readcoupling circuit only needs to be wire-bonded to a macro package box orcircuit board through one of the plurality of holes. In order to reducea signal crosstalk between adjacent qubits, the control circuits betweentwo adjacent qubits are extracted from different holes for bonding. Inthis way, corresponding several network units are in a form of grid-likedistribution, and corresponding holes are also in a form of arraydistribution.

Certainly, the qubit array formed by the above-mentioned plurality ofqubits takes a grid-like distribution as an example, and the qubit arraymay also be other types of array distribution forms, and thecorresponding holes are also in the form of array distribution. Whenflip-chip bonding and through-silicon via processes are not provided orare thrown off, a plurality of holes (such as a laser-cut circular holearray) may be made at a position of a non-qubit circuit in thesuperconducting qubit chip, a control circuit and a read couplingcircuit of the qubits are wire-bonded to a macro package box or circuitboard through several holes of the plurality of holes, so that a wiringlength of a two-dimensional qubit may be shortened, grounding of thechip may be better achieved, a crosstalk between adjacent bits may bereduced, and a resonance mode of the sample box may be suppressed. Inthis way, a scalability may be achieved to implement a plurality ofquantum computing schemes such as error correcting codes,two-dimensional quantum simulation, etc., and a good applicationprospect is shown.

In summary, the present disclosure provides a two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure and a method for controlling a cavitymode thereof. Among at least five capacitive expansion arms are providedbased on a capacitor part of the qubit, one of two arms is connectedwith the read coupling circuit and the other is connected with thecontrol circuit, and the other at least three arms are coupled withadjacent qubits respectively through the coupling cavity, therebyachieving a connection between two adjacent qubits. A distribution formof the above-mentioned capacitive expansion arms and a connection methodof the qubits may achieve a two-dimensional expansion with each qubit asa center, which has a good scalability and diversity of distributionforms. The two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure mayinput and extract a signal from the middle of the quantum chip by meansof cutting hole array, flip-chip bonding, TSV, etc., so that a wiringlength of a two-dimensional qubit may be shortened, grounding of thechip may be better achieved, a crosstalk between adjacent bits may beeffectively reduced, and a resonance mode of the sample box may besuppressed. In this way, the optimal qubit performance may be obtained.

It should also be noted that although the present disclosure isdescribed with reference to the drawings, the embodiments disclosed inthe drawings are intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of thepresent disclosure, and should not be construed as a limitation of thepresent disclosure. Size ratios in the drawings are merely schematic,and should not be construed as a limitation of the present disclosure.Directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as “up”, “down”,“front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, etc., only refer to the directions inthe drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection ofthe present disclosure. Throughout the drawings, the same elements areindicated by the same or similar reference numerals. When it may causeconfusion in the understanding of the present disclosure, conventionalstructures or configurations may be omitted.

Furthermore, the word “containing” or “including” does not exclude thepresence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word “a” or“an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a pluralityof the elements.

Unless there are technical obstacles or contradictions, theabove-described various embodiments of the present disclosure may befreely combined to form additional embodiments, and these additionalembodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the presentdisclosure.

The above-mentioned specific embodiments have described in detail theobjectives, technical solutions and advantages of the presentdisclosure. It should be noted that the above are only specificembodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit thepresent disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions,improvements, and the like made within the spirit and scope of thepresent disclosure shall be included in the scope of protection of thepresent disclosure.

1. A two-dimensional scalable superconducting qubit structure,comprising: a superconducting qubit chip comprising a plurality oftwo-dimensionally distributed and scalable qubits; wherein a capacitorpart of each of the qubits has at least five arms distributedtwo-dimensionally, two of the at least five arms in each qubit arerespectively connected with a read coupling circuit and a controlcircuit, and the other at least three arms are coupled with adjacentqubits through a coupling cavity.
 2. The two-dimensional superconductingqubit structure according to claim 1, wherein the qubit has a separateXY control circuit and a Z control circuit, or the qubit has only a XYcontrol circuit.
 3. The two-dimensional superconducting qubit structureaccording to claim 1, wherein at least two qubits share a readingcoupling circuit.
 4. The two-dimensional superconducting qubit structureaccording to claim 1, wherein the plurality of two-dimensionallydistributed qubits form a qubit array.
 5. The two-dimensionalsuperconducting qubit structure according to claim 1, wherein anincluded angle between two adjacent arms of six arms in the qubit isgreater than 0° and less than or equal to 180°.
 6. The two-dimensionalsuperconducting qubit structure according to claim 1, wherein some ofthe plurality of two-dimensionally distributed qubits have the samenumber of arms, and some of the plurality of two-dimensionallydistributed qubits have unequal numbers of arms; for the qubits havingthe same number of arms, the arms in each qubit are distributed in apartially same form, a completely same form or a completely differentform.
 7. The two-dimensional superconducting qubit structure accordingto claim 4, wherein the qubit array comprises one or more ofdistribution forms of a honeycomb distribution, a grid-likedistribution, a snowflake distribution or a tree-like distribution.
 8. Amethod for controlling a cavity mode of a two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure according to claim 1, comprising forminga three-dimensional lead structure at a position of a non-qubit circuitin the superconducting qubit chip by using flip-chip bonding andthrough-silicon via processes, so as to perform a signal extraction. 9.A method for controlling a cavity mode of a two-dimensional scalablesuperconducting qubit structure according to claim 1, comprising:manufacturing a plurality of holes at a position of a non-qubit circuitin the superconducting qubit chip, wherein a control circuit and areading coupling circuit of the qubit are wire-bonded to a package boxor a circuit board through several holes of the plurality of holes. 10.The method according to claim 9, wherein control circuits between twoadjacent qubits is extracted from different holes for bonding, so as toreduce a crosstalk between the control circuits.